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Recently, a method of fabricating an esthetic anterior fixed prosthesis by integrating data such as three-dimensional facial scan and jaw motion to form a virtual patient with dynamic occlusion has been introduced. This enables smooth communication with patients during the diagnosis process, improves the predictability of esthetic prosthetic treatment, and lowers the possibility of occlusal adjustment. In this case report, a virtual patient with dynamic occlusion was created in which the results of the treatment were simulated, and esthetic maxillary anterior fixed prosthesis was fabricated. With the aid of the virtual patient, the final restorations were satisfactory both in terms of esthetic and function.
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Background@#Dermatophyte infection is one of the most common skin diseases affecting the skin, hair, and nails. Despite widespread recognition of the disease, missing details and misperceptions are commonplace in the general population. @*Objective@#This study aimed to investigate the public perception and behavior regarding dermatophytosis of the hands and feet. @*Methods@#This results from an online survey conducted between July 2022 and August 2022. The survey included 1,000 Korean participants aged 20 to 69 years, of whom 60% experienced symptoms of tinea pedis or onychomycosis. The questionnaire focused on the awareness and personal experience of tinea pedis and perception of the treatment of dermatophytosis. @*Results@#Of the 1,000 participants, nearly 80% regarded tinea pedis as a common skin condition by which anyone can be affected. Furthermore, 88.4% had heard that the treatment of tinea pedis could be harmful, causing skin rash (60.4%) and worsening liver function (48.5%). Among 896 participants who noticed suspicious symptoms, 81.2% did not visit the clinic because it was not severe (50.1%) and seemed easily manageable (25.7%). Of the respondents, 84.4% preferred to meet dermatologists rather than non-dermatologist doctors regarding skin diseases, mainly because of trust in experts and belief in a faster cure. @*Conclusion@#Providing accurate and detailed information via online media, educational campaigns, and medical papers can rectify misconceptions and improve patient appliance, contributing to public skin health.
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Diagnosis and analysis of occlusal relationships are important factors in prosthetic treatment. A thorough occlusion analysis and evaluation should be performed before treatment to restore a stable interocclusal relationship. Analysis and evaluation are essential during the treatment process and at regular follow-ups. Recently, with the development of dental equipment and digital processing methods, new quantitative analysis methods that can record the patient’s occlusal relationship have been introduced. Among them, the T-Scan Novus (Tekscan Inc., S. Boston, MA, USA) displays the strength of the initial contact point and the occlusal contact point of the teeth using a pressure sensor. With this, occlusal contact time of the teeth, anteroposterior and left-right balance of occlusal force can be compared. The Dental prescale II (GC Co., Tokyo, Japan) scans the occlusal contact point using a pressure-sensing film and analyzes the density of the contact point.It can measure the distribution and strength of the occlusal force of the teeth in the most natural occlusion state. Based on this, appropriate prosthetic treatment (four-unit fixed partial denture, removable partial denture, complete denture, and complete oral restoration cases) was performed according to the area and extent of the patient’s tooth loss. The patient’s occlusion at the first visit, treatment stage, right after treatment, and regular follow-up were compared and evaluated using a quantitative method for appropriate occlusion analysis using T-Scan Novus and Dental prescale II. This report enhances the understanding of occlusion analysis during prosthetic restoration. The results satisfied both the clinician and patients in terms of function and aesthetics.
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Background@#Currently, there is no consensus on the treatment of psoriasis in Korean patients. @*Objective@#This study aimed to establish a consensus on the basic therapeutic principles for Korean patients with plaque psoriasis. @*Methods@#Using the modified Delphi method, a steering committee proposed 53 statements for the first Delphi round, which covered five subjects: (1) the goal of treatment and evaluation of disease severity, (2) topical therapy, (3) phototherapy, (4) conventional systemic therapy, and (5) biologic therapy. The panel of dermatologists scored the level of agreement for each statement on a ten-point scale with scores ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 10 (strongly agree). After discussing the results of the first round, the committee reformulated 41 statements. Finally, consensus was defined as more than 70% of the second round scores being ≥7. @*Results@#The panel participants strongly agreed that the ideal treatment goals for Korean patients with plaque psoriasis should include complete skin clearance and high dermatological quality of life. A strong consensus was also reached on the use of topical agents for psoriasis of any severity, the consideration of phototherapy before biologics therapy, the conventional systemic agents for moderate-to-severe psoriasis, and the recommendation of biologic for retractable psoriasis to conventional systemic therapy and phototherapy. @*Conclusion@#This modified Delphi panel established an expert consensus on the therapeutic approach for Korean patients with plaque psoriasis. This consensus may improve the treatment outcomes for psoriasis in Korea.
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Background@#Recent studies suggest that MEK1/2 inhibitors, including binimetinib, significantly improve malignant melanoma (MM) patient survival. Growing evidence suggests that phytochemicals, especially curcumin, can overcome drug resistance in cancer cells through a variety of mechanisms. @*Objective@#This study aims to examine curcumin’s efficacy in vitro combined with binimetinib in human MM cells. @*Methods@#We used 2D monolayer and 3D spheroid human epidermal melanocyte culture models, HEMn-MP (human epidermal melanocytes, neonatal, moderately pigmented), and two human MM cell lines, G361 and SK-MEL-2, to evaluate cell viability, proliferation, migration, death, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production following single therapy treatment, with either curcumin or binimetinib, or a combination of both. @*Results@#Compared to MM cells treated with single therapy, those with combination therapy showed significantly decreased cell viability and increased ROS production. We observed apoptosis following both single and combination therapies. However only those who had had combination therapy had necroptosis. @*Conclusion@#Collectively, our data demonstrates that curcumin exerts significant synergistic anticancer effects on MM cells by inducing ROS and necroptosis when combined with binimetinib. Therefore, a strategy of adding curcumin to conventional anticancer agents holds promise for treating MM.
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Digital technology is gradually expanding its field and has a great influence on various fields of dentistry. Recently in digital dentistry, the importance of superimposing various 3-dimensional (3D) image data is emerging, in order to utilize gathered data effectively for diagnosis and prosthesis fabrication. Integrating data from facial scans, intraoral scans, and mandibular movement recordings can create a virtual patient. A virtual patient is formed by integrating digital 3D diagnostic data such as intraoral and extraoral soft tissues, residual dentition, and dynamic occlusion, and the results of prosthetic treatment can be evaluated virtually. The patients in this case report were a 37-year-old female whose chief complaint is that the appearance of the existing prosthesis was distorted and a 55-year-old female patient whose anterior prosthesis needed to be refabricated after the endodontic treatment. 3D facial scans were obtained from each patient, and the patient’s mandibular movements were recorded using ARCUS Digma 2 (KaVo Dental GmbH, Biberach an der Riss, Germany). The collected data were integrated on computer-aided design (CAD) software (Exocad dental CAD; exocad GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany) and transferred to a virtual articulator to create a digital virtual patient. The temporary fixed prostheses were designed, restored, and evaluated, and it was reflected into the final restorations. With the aid of the virtual dental patient, accuracy and predictability could be increased throughout treatment, simplifying the occlusal adjustment and clinical evaluation with improved esthetic outcomes.
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With the rapid development of aesthetic ceramic materials and resin adhesives, the transition from metal ceramic crown to all-ceramic restoration is being actively carried out. When making porcelain restorations, the advantages can be maximized only when appropriate forms and techniques are used. Recently, an esthetic partial-coverage restoration method with supra-gingival margins was introduced by applying a minimally invasive tooth removal method that preserves enamel as much as possible and enhances adhesion efficiency. Through this, various advantages such as minimization of tooth structure removal and ease of excess cement removal can be obtained. In addition, since this manufacturing method does not require cord packing, it is possible to save time for impression taking and reduce patient discomfort. Furthermore, the margins can be clearly obtained without the intervention of gingival fluid or blood, making it possible to manufacture more accurate restorations. In the following cases of patients with partial tooth defects, esthetic ceramic partial-coverage restorations with supra-gingival margin was applied using minimally invasive tooth preparation method according to the concept of adhesive dentistry. Therefore, unnecessary tooth abutment preparation was prevented and residual tooth structure could be preserved as much as possible. After delivery of the ceramic partial-coverage restorations, favorable outcome was obtained.
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The evaluation of occlusion using digital methods is easier and simpler in terms of recording, comparison, analysis, and objectivity compared to existing methods such as articulating paper and occlusion foil. The purpose of this case report was utilizing the digital method for evaluating occlusion. The occlusion of patient requiring full veneer crown restoration was evaluated using an intraoral scanner (i500, Medit, Seoul, Korea) at every visit. The occlusion was also assessed using conventional articulating paper and a digital occlusal analysis system (Dental prescale II, GC corp., Tokyo, Japan) for comparison. Throughout the treatment process, the intraoral scanner and the conventional articulating paper method showed similar outcomes. The results suggest that the use of digital evaluation system is highly probable in the near future.
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Purpose@#The purpose of present study was to evaluate the effect of changing structural stability of wax disc on the fit of prosthesis when the milling proceeded in order. @*Materials and methods@#Prepared maxillary left first molar was used to fabricate a Ni-Cr alloy reference model. This was scanned to design crown and then wax pattern was milled, invested and cast to fabricate prosthesis. The wax patterns located in a row centrally within a single wax disc were set into a total of five groups ranging from WM1 group that was first milled to WM5 group that was last milled and the number of each group was set as 10. Silicone replica technique was used to measure the marginal gap, axial internal gap, line angle internal gap, occlusal internal gap. Data was evaluated with one-way ANOVA with significance level set at α = .05 and then Tukey HSD test was conducted for post analysis. @*Results@#Marginal gap measured in each group, it was 40.41 ± 2.15 µm in WM1group, 40.44 ± 2.23 µm in WM2 group, 39.96 ± 2.25 µm in WM3 group, 39.96 ± 2.48 µm in WM4 group, and 40.57 ± 2.53 µm in WM5 group. No significant difference was found between groups. The significant difference between the groups was also not found in the axial internal gap, line angle internal gap, and occlusal internal gap. @*Conclusion@#Internal and marginal fit of single crown to the sequential order of milling processing in the single machinable wax disc did not seem to be affected by the sequence.
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no abstract available.
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With the rapid development of aesthetic ceramic materials and resin adhesives, the transition from metal ceramic crown to all-ceramic restoration is being actively carried out. When making porcelain restorations, the advantages can be maximized only when appropriate forms and techniques are used. Recently, an esthetic partial-coverage restoration method with supra-gingival margins was introduced by applying a minimally invasive tooth removal method that preserves enamel as much as possible and enhances adhesion efficiency. Through this, various advantages such as minimization of tooth structure removal and ease of excess cement removal can be obtained. In addition, since this manufacturing method does not require cord packing, it is possible to save time for impression taking and reduce patient discomfort. Furthermore, the margins can be clearly obtained without the intervention of gingival fluid or blood, making it possible to manufacture more accurate restorations. In the following cases of patients with partial tooth defects, esthetic ceramic partial-coverage restorations with supra-gingival margin was applied using minimally invasive tooth preparation method according to the concept of adhesive dentistry. Therefore, unnecessary tooth abutment preparation was prevented and residual tooth structure could be preserved as much as possible. After delivery of the ceramic partial-coverage restorations, favorable outcome was obtained.
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The evaluation of occlusion using digital methods is easier and simpler in terms of recording, comparison, analysis, and objectivity compared to existing methods such as articulating paper and occlusion foil. The purpose of this case report was utilizing the digital method for evaluating occlusion. The occlusion of patient requiring full veneer crown restoration was evaluated using an intraoral scanner (i500, Medit, Seoul, Korea) at every visit. The occlusion was also assessed using conventional articulating paper and a digital occlusal analysis system (Dental prescale II, GC corp., Tokyo, Japan) for comparison. Throughout the treatment process, the intraoral scanner and the conventional articulating paper method showed similar outcomes. The results suggest that the use of digital evaluation system is highly probable in the near future.
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BACKGROUND: The treatment of choice for pilomatricomas is surgical excision; however, data for the optimal timing of treatment and cosmetic outcomes are limited.OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the optimal timing of treatment in pilomatricomas by considering clinicopathological findings and cosmetic outcomes.METHODS: Seventy-three pilomatricomas patients aged ≤15 years were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were classified into early excision (disease duration ≤12 months, group A) and delayed excision groups (disease duration >12 months, group B). Tumor characteristics, and histopathological features with evolutionary stages were assessed. Cosmetic outcomes were evaluated by the Modified Vancouver Scar Scale (MVSS), 5-point patient satisfaction score, and complication rates.RESULTS: Group A showed better cosmetic outcomes than group B in the MVSS (1.53±1.22 vs. 3.68±1.84), 5-point patient satisfaction score (4.08±0.89 vs. 3.18±1.01), and complication rates (11.8% vs. 36.4%), respectively (p<0.05). Secondary anetoderma, tent sign, calcification, and late regressive stage (evolutionary stage IV) were more common in group B, (p<0.05). Moreover, evolutionary stages showed a positive correlation with mean MVSS (r=0.670, p<0.05).CONCLUSION: Early excision (disease duration ≤12 months) provides superior cosmetic outcomes compared to delayed procedures. Early recognition, diagnosis, and management for pediatric pilomatricomas is important to improve overall cosmetic outcomes.
Subject(s)
Humans , Anetoderma , Cicatrix , Diagnosis , Patient Satisfaction , Pilomatrixoma , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
In order to deliver fixed partial denture to a patient successfully, dentist must take into many considerations beforehand. Patient’s occlusal pattern should be fully understood before delivering any type of prosthesis, whether it’s canine guidance or group function occlusion. In order to do so, movement of mandible should be recorded precisely. Introduced by Meyers in 1933, functionally generated path technique (FGP) has been successfully used to record mandibular movement with various materials, such as wax, and utilize it in fabricating precise prosthesis. In the following cases, patients showed secondary caries or endodontic-periodontic lesion on maxillary molars. Root canal treatment and subgingival curettage were done for each patient. Since the long term prognosis of each tooth was questionable, lateral force should be minimized. In order to do so, FGP technique was used to record mandibular movements precisely. Instead of using conventional plaster impression, intra-oral scanning of wax tracing was done to fabricate prosthesis efficiently. After delivery of fixed partial denture, favorable outcome was obtained.
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Background@#Palmoplantar pustulosis is a specific form of localized pustular psoriasis occurring on the palm and sole. Multiple therapeutic options, including topical and systemic agents as well as phototherapies, are available for palmoplantar pustulosis; however, treatment outcomes are not satisfactory in most cases. Recently, a gain-switched 311-nm Ti:Sapphire Laser was developed and showed good treatment response in vitiligo and atopic dermatitis. @*Objective@#To investigate the efficacy and safety of the 311-nm Ti:Sapphire Laser in the treatment of palmoplantar pustulosis. @*Methods@#A total of 24 patients with palmoplantar pustulosis were treated with a 311-nm Ti:Sapphire Laser twice a week for up to 32 sessions and had a 3-month follow-up visit. The treatment dose started at 300 mJ/cm 2 and was increased by 50 mJ/cm 2 at each subsequent session. The Palmoplantar Pustular Psoriasis Area and Severity Index score, 5-grade patient satisfaction score, and adverse events were evaluated. @*Results@#The mean Palmoplantar Pustular Psoriasis Area and Severity Index score decreased from 8.31±3.31 at baseline to 4.75±2.70 at 16 sessions, 3.26±2.18 at 32 sessions, and 4.05±2.19 at follow-up visit. In the subgroup analysis, non-smokers and emollients user groups showed better responses in Palmoplantar Pustular Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (p=0.033 and p=0.027, respectively). Adverse effects, including burning sensation and transient erythema, were limited and well-tolerated. @*Conclusion@#The 311-nm Ti:Sapphire Laser can be considered as a treatment option for palmoplantar pustulosis.Moreover, habitual risk factor modifications, such as smoking cessation and steady use of emollients, can impact treatment outcomes in patients with palmoplantar pustulosis.
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Background@#A recent study suggested a possible role of skin barrier dysfunction in the pathogenesis of rosacea, which leads to irritation symptoms. Gamma linolenic acid (GLA) is an essential omega-6 fatty acid that is known to restore defective epidermal skin barrier. GLA supplementation has not previously been performed in rosacea patients. @*Objective@#To investigate the efficacy and safety of adding GLA to minocycline compared to minocycline alone in rosacea patients. @*Methods@#This prospective, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial enrolled 31 rosacea patients. They were randomly assigned to receive 320 mg/day of GLA (Evoprim®) (n=16) or placebo (n=15) in addition to 100 mg/day of minocycline for 8 weeks. Investigator's global assessment (IGA) and patient's global assessment (PGA) were used to assess clinical severity at weeks 0, 4, 8, and 12. Biophysical parameters including melanin index, erythema index, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), lipid concentration, and stratum corneum hydration were measured. @*Results@#In the GLA group, a higher proportion of patients achieved treatment success (IGA≤1) at week 8 (68.75% vs. 33.33%) and patient satisfaction (PGA≥3) at weeks 8 (75.0% vs. 40.0%) and 12 (81.3% vs. 46.6%). Both groups, throughout 12 weeks of treatment, revealed a trend toward improvement in erythema index, melanin index, TEWL, and stratum corneum hydration. Particularly, there was a significant difference in TEWL and stratum corneum hydration over time between the two groups (p=0.033, p=0.003, respectively). No serious adverse event was observed in both groups. @*Conclusion@#GLA is beneficial as an additional therapeutic option for rosacea patients treated with minocycline.
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No abstract available.
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The anterior guidance is one of the important factors in prosthodontic treatment of anterior teeth. The lingual surface shape of anterior restorations is so critical that small errors of treatment procedure can cause discomfort of the patient and disharmony of the dentition. If the anterior restorations are achieved harmonious anterior guidance through the fabrication and adjustment of provisional restorations, it is important to accurately reproduce the lingual surface shape of provisional restorations as the final prosthesis. In this case report, it was used the modified Dahl principle and copy-milled technique of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) system for systematic diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, we tried to reconstruct the restoration shape more precisely by setting the appropriate anterior guidance and superimposing the digital image of the abutment teeth and the provisional restorations. Thus, by promoting functional and esthetic recovery, this case report demonstrates satisfying results to both the patients and dentist.
Subject(s)
Humans , Dentists , Dentition , Diagnosis , Prostheses and Implants , ToothABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: UV radiation is the most important risk factor in the development of basal cell carcinoma (BCC). However, the association between tumorigenesis and the progression of BCC and UV exposure is complex, and the exact mechanisms remain to be elucidated. OBJECTIVE: We tested the hypothesis that UV radiation affects BCC progression by triggering the tumor cells to escape from immune surveillance and by altering the cell-to-cell adhesion molecules. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on 33 tissue samples of BCCs that underwent surgical resection between January 2010 to June 2018. We reviewed patient characteristics and evaluated Fas, Fas-ligand, CD8, PD-L1, E-cadherin, and P-cadherin expression in the tumor and peritumoral region by immmunohistochemical (IHC) staining. RESULTS: BCCs in sun-exposed areas tended to have a shorter disease duration, but more patients reported an increase in size. Tumors in sun-exposed areas showed significantly lower Fas expression (p=0.005) and significantly higher Fas-ligand expression (p=0.022) compared to those in sun-protected areas. Peritumoral CD8 expression of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) was less prominent in sun-exposed areas (p=0.011). E-cadherin expression was reduced in sun-exposed areas compared with that in sun-protected areas (p=0.006). Meanwhile, P-cadherin expression was preserved in most of the tumors in both the sun-exposed (95.2%) and sun-protected areas (100%). CONCLUSION: This study showed that in BCCs, UV exposure induces Fas downregulation in the tumor, which helps the tumor to evade host immunity. Furthermore, UV exposure induces Fas-L upregulation in the tumor, which results in the apoptosis of CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. In addition, reduced expression of E-cadherin in sun-exposed areas indicates that UV exposure in BCCs leads to altered cell-to-cell adhesion, which allows further tumor motility.